Membrane Potential & Nerve Terminal Dyes

AM4-64 is a fixable, activity-dependent fluorescent nerve terminal probe. AM4-64 functions similarly similarly as SynaptoRed™ C2 (#70021) (equivalent to FM®4-64), but with the additional property of being fixable.

AM4-65 is a fixable red fluorescent nerve terminal probe. The dye is spectrally identical to SynaptoRed™ C2 (equivalent to FM®4-64), but it has an additional amine group at the hydrophilic end of the molecule, making the dye fixable with formaldehyde or gluteraldehyde.

A fixable red fluorescent nerve terminal probe that is spectrally identical to SynaptoRed™ C2 (also called FM®4-64).

Di-12-ANEPPQ is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. It is more hydrophobic than Di-8-ANEPPQ and is useful for potential-sensitive retrograde labeling of neurons.

Di-2-ANEPEQ, also called JPW1114, is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. It is highly water-soluble and is usually introduced into cells by microinjection.

Di-4-ANEPPS is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. Changes in the membrane potential of the cell correlate with changes in the fluorescence excitation intensity of the dye.

Di-8-ANEPPQ is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. It is more hydrophobic than Di-2-ANEPEQ and is useful for potential-sensitive retrograde labeling of neurons.

ANEPPS dyes are fast responding membrane potential dyes. Compared to Di-4-ANEPPS, Di-8-ANEPPS is better retained in the outer leaflet of cell plasma membranes and thus more suitable for long-term membrane potential studies. Di-8-ANEPPS is also more photostable and less phototoxic than Di-4-ANEPPS

DiBAC₄(3) is a translational membrane potential dye that redistributes within the cell membrane when membrane potential changes.

The carbocyanine dye DiIC₁(5) has been used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in apoptotic cells. Loss of membrane potential in apoptotic cells is reflected by a decrease of fluorescence signal in the infrared channel.

DiOC16(3) is a green fluorescent lipophilic cyanine dye with two C16 hydrocarbon chains that can be used to stain cytoplasmic membranes.

DiOC₂(3) (3,3′-Diethyloxacarbocyanine, iodide) has been used for measuring membrane potentials in bacteria. The green fluorescent dye forms red fluorescent aggregates with increasing membrane potential.

DiOC5(3) and DiOC6(3) are two of the most widely used carbocyanine dyes used for membrane potential measurements.

DiOC₆(3) (3,3′-Dihexyloxacarbocyanine,iodide) is a green fluorescent membrane dye that has been used to stain the ER in both live and fixed cells. The dye has also been used to study structural interactions and dynamics of the ER in neurons and yeast.

Dipicrylamine (DPA) is a nonfluorescent anionic membrane dye. With its absorbance in the blue region of the visible spectrum, DPA can be used as a FRET quencher for a variety of fluorescent donor dyes.

HM1-43 is a fixable, activity-dependent fluorescent nerve terminal probe.