Cell & Organelle Stains

Di-12-ANEPPQ is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. It is more hydrophobic than Di-8-ANEPPQ and is useful for potential-sensitive retrograde labeling of neurons.

Di-2-ANEPEQ, also called JPW1114, is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. It is highly water-soluble and is usually introduced into cells by microinjection.

Di-4-ANEPPS is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. Changes in the membrane potential of the cell correlate with changes in the fluorescence excitation intensity of the dye.

Di-8-ANEPPQ is a fast-responding membrane potential dye. It is more hydrophobic than Di-2-ANEPEQ and is useful for potential-sensitive retrograde labeling of neurons.

ANEPPS dyes are fast responding membrane potential dyes. Compared to Di-4-ANEPPS, Di-8-ANEPPS is better retained in the outer leaflet of cell plasma membranes and thus more suitable for long-term membrane potential studies. Di-8-ANEPPS is also more photostable and less phototoxic than Di-4-ANEPPS

DiA 4-(4-Dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide) is a green fluorescent membrane dye which diffuses much faster than DiO in cell membranes. DiA and DiI (60010) have been used together for two color membrane staining.

DiB is a lipophilic cationically charged blue fluorescent dye.

DiBAC₄(3) is a translational membrane potential dye that redistributes within the cell membrane when membrane potential changes.

DiD (DiIC18(5); 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′- tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt) is a lipophilic carbocyanine dye similar to DiI, but with longer absorption and emission wavelengths.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 is the reduced form of rhodamine 123 (70010), which is a commonly used fluorescent mitochondrial dye.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrochloride is functionally equivalent to dihydrorhodamine 123 (10055) but with increased stability toward air oxidation and light during storage.

DiI (DiIC₁₈(3); 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine) is a widely used carbocyanine membrane dye that labels cell membranes by inserting its two long (C₁₈ carbon) hydrocarbon chains into the lipid bilayer. Particularly, it has been extensively used for the anterograde and retrograde labeling of neurons.

DiI (DiIC18(3); 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine) uniformly dissolved in vegetable oil in a formulation optimized for microinjection. Carbocyanine microinjection has been widely used for fate mapping and cell lineage studies and for the determination of spatial organization and connectivity patterns of central nervous systems.

The carbocyanine dye DiIC₁(5) has been used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in apoptotic cells. Loss of membrane potential in apoptotic cells is reflected by a decrease of fluorescence signal in the infrared channel.

Dilinoleyl DiI (1,1′-dilinoleyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocynanine perchlorate), also known as FAST DiI™, has identical absorption and emission spectra as DiI (#60010) .

Dilinoleyl DiO (1,1′-dilinoleyl-3,3′-oxacarbocynanine perchlorate), also known as FAST DiO™, has identical absorption and emission spectra as DiO (#60011).