Note: Do not remove the cover or introduce liquids to the interior of the PMA-Lite.

1. Thoroughly wipe all exposed PMA-Lite surfaces and the inner rims of the tube holes with 10% bleach in water (household bleach diluted at a ratio of 1 part bleach to 9 parts water).
2. Let the bleach sit on the unit for 10 minutes.
3. Thoroughly wipe the surfaces with dH2O.
4. Wipe the surfaces with 70% ethanol and allow to air dry.

The LEDs in the PMA-Lite™ and PMA-Lite™ 2.0 have a wavelength that is 465-475 nm and a brightness of approximately 600-800 millicandela (mcd). These are nominal values provided for reference use only, individual LED wavelength and brightness are not a calibrated specifications for the device.

There are three LEDs in each well (one bottom, two side) that provide illumination around each sample tube for efficient photoactivation.

The illumination in each well on the PMA-Lite  far exceeds what is required for photocrosslinking of the viability dyes EMA, PMA, or PMAxx™ to nucleic acids. Therefore, any variability in brightness of the PMA-Lite LEDs should not significantly affect the v-PCR results. If performance verification is required, we recommend doing a functional PMA-PCR assay to verify that PMA-treated samples photoactivated in the device give qPCR results within an acceptable range. Mixing the samples during photoactivation and using longer illumination times may be necessary if the samples are complex and not fully transparent to light.

For other related FAQs, see Is illumination even across all positions in the PMA-Lite™ device? and Can I use PMA or PMAxx™ with environmental samples?

PMA is stable after dilution to 0.2 mM in water as long as it is protected from light and can be stored in the same way as the 20 mM stock solution.

We have tested a variety of different light sources for the development of DNAzure® bands in an agarose gel. We have found that most light sources will work, but how long the development takes is dependent on the brightness of the light. The fastest band development is seen with our Glo-Plate™ White Photoactivation Device and Glo-Plate™ 2.0 Blue LED Illuminator. We have also seen good results with other bright, white LED lights. Other light sources that work but take more time include an LED desk lamp and a cell phone light. We found that a 600W halogen lamp did not work well- it was too hot, which melted the gel.

We recommend storing DNAzure® at 4°C. After storage at room temperature, we have seen some loss of dye stability.

Yes, the 1X DNAzure® staining solution can be re-used for multiple gels, under certain conditions. Importantly, the staining solution must be removed from the gel before the gel is exposed to light to develop the bands. If the staining solution undergoes the light exposure, it will not be able to stain another gel. The used staining solution should be stored in the refrigerator, protected from light, between uses. We have successfully re-used the staining solution stored for up to 2 weeks, and used up to 4 times with little loss of signal (after 5 or 6 uses, the sensitivity was noticeably lower).