Enzyme Substrates

ABTS (2,2′ -Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), diammonium salt) is a very sensitive chromogenic peroxidase substrate widely used for ELISA applications. The substrate yields a water-soluble green colored product.

X-β-D-cellobioside (5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-cellobioside) is a chromogenic substrate for β-cellobiosidase. Enzymatic cleavage of the substrate generates a dark blue-colored precipitate.

Purple-β-D-Gal (5-Iodo-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. Similar to X-gal, but generates a purple (λ_max ~575 nm) colored precipitate on enzyme hydrolysis.

Green-β-D-Gal (N-Methylindolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. Similar to X-Gal, but generates green colored precipitate on enzyme hydrolysis.

Rose-β-D-Gal (6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. The product is similar to X-gal, but generates an intense pink colored precipitate (λ_max ~ 540 nm) on enzymatic hydrolysis.

Red-β-D-Gal (5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. Similar to X-gal, but generates a red or magenta (λ_max ~ 565 nm) colored precipitate on enzyme hydrolysis.

Red-β-D-GlcU (5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide,cyclohexylammmonium salt), also known as Magenta-β-D-GlcA; is similar to X-GlcU, but the product of the substrate is a red (λ_max 565 nm) precipitate, which is easier to detect against the background of plant cells.

Rose-β-D-GlcU (6-Chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide,cyclohexylammonium salt), also known as Salmon-β-D-GlcUA, is similar to X-GlcU, but the product of the substrate is a rose-colored (λ_max ~ 540 nm) precipitate, which is easier to detect against the background of plant cells.

X-GlcU, Na ( 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide, sodium salt), also known as X-GlcA, Na, is similar to X-GlcU, CHA, but has better water solubility.

For researchers wishing to investigate the suitability of our various chromogenic β-glucuronidase substrates, we offer this sampler kit, which contains 5 mg each of the following three different substrates: X-GlcU, CHA, Red-β-D-GlcU, CHA, and Rose-β-D-GlcU, CHA.

The sampler kit contains 10 mg each of BCIP Na (10001), BCIP Pink (10006), BCIP Red (10004) and 250 mg of NBT (10008). NBT forms a co-precipitant and enhances the BCIP reaction.

For researchers wishing to investigate the suitability of our various chromogenic β-galactosidase substrates, we offer this sampler kit, which contains 5 mg each of the following five different substrates: X-Gal (10011), Red-β-D-Gal (10012), Rose-β-D-Gal (10013), Purple-β-D-Gal (10014) and Green-β-D-Gal (10015).

XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide, disodium salt) is a tetrazolium derivative used widely in cell viability and proliferation testing. The material is readily reduced in viable cells to a highly water-soluble orange colored product (λ= 475 nm).

10-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (Amplex® Red), is regarded as the best fluorogenic substrate for peroxidase and H₂O₂ because it is highly sensitive, specific and stable.

Dihydroethidium (also called hydroethidium) is the chemically reduced form of the commonly used DNA dye ethidium bromide. The probe is useful to detect oxidative activities in viable cells, including respiratory burst in phagocytes.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 is the reduced form of rhodamine 123 (70010), which is a commonly used fluorescent mitochondrial dye.