Enzyme Substrates

BZAR (Rhodamine 110, bis-(N-CBZ-L-arginine amide), dihydrochloride) is a substrate for serine proteases (1-5) and is also an inhibitor for quanidinobenzoatase. It is 50 to 100 times more sensitive than the AMC-based substrate.

IPTG (Isopropylthio-β-galactoside) is an inducer of β-galactosidase activity in bacteria and is suitable for use with X-gal or bluo-gal to detect lac gene activity in cloning procedures.

MUP, Na (4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate, disodium salt) is the sodium salt of MUP. MUP sodium salt and MUP free acid (#10009) are the most widely used fluorogenic substrates for alkaline phosphatase detection.

NBT (Nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride) is an oxidant and is widely used in conjunction with BCIP or BCIP derivatives to detect phosphatase activity. NBT is also a substrate for dehydrogenate and other oxidizes.

Z-FR-AMC is a substrate for serine proteases, including cathepsins, kallikrein and plasmin.

FDP (fluorescein diphosphate, tetraammonium salt, high purity) is the most sensitive fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase substrate. It is also an excellent substrate for protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) and thus the substrate of choice in the high throughput screening (HTS) for PTPase inhibitor.

Rhodamine 110 can be used as a reference standard for rhodamine 110-based peptidase substrates.

No wash, homogeneous assay for profiling apoptotic cells based on caspase-3 activity and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential using fluorescence microscopy, real-time imaging, or flow cytometry.

Green fluorescent caspase-3/7 substrate for detecting apoptosis in intact cells by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, or real-time live cell imaging.

A fluorometric endpoint assay kit for detection of caspase-3 activity in cells by high throughput screening (HTS).

A simple, colorimetric assay for determining live cell numbers by absorbance on a microplate reader.

D-Luciferin is a substrate for the enzyme firefly luciferase. Chemiluminescence at 560 nm is generated when luciferin is oxidized by an ATP-dependent process, catalyzed by luciferase.

D-Luciferin is a substrate for the enzyme firefly luciferase. Chemiluminescence at 560 nm is generated when luciferin is oxidized by an ATP-dependent process, catalyzed by luciferase.

Z-AAD-R110 is a substrate for granzyme B. Granzyme B from T lymphocytes and natural killer cells induces apoptosis in target cells by activating caspases and causing mitochondrial cytochrome C release.

R110-PEG can be used as a reference standard for peptidase substrates based on the dye.

D₂R (Rhodamine 110, bis-(L-aspartic acid amide), ditrifluoroacetic acid salt) is a general substrate for caspases including caspases 3 and 7. Unlike other fluorogenic substrates for caspases, D₂R appears to be membrane-permeant, and thus can be used to measure caspase activity in live cells without osmotic shock for flow cytometry studies, as well as for cell extracts.