Peroxidase, Galactosidase, Phosphatase, & Other Substrates

DAB reacts with HRP in the presence of peroxide to yield an insoluble brown-colored product at locations where peroxidase-conjugated antibodies are bound to samples.

A functionalized version of NAD containing an amino group that permits it to be fixable in a gel matrix. This property makes NAD-hexylamine useful for constructing wearable biosensors that comprise a dehydrogenase enzyme such as diaphorase.

Cytotoxic agent that binds and inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Useful for studying antimetabolite resistance, spontaneous gene amplification, and drug binding. Available conjugated to fluorescein and CF® Dyes.

5-Cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) has been used to evaluate the respiratory activity of many bacterial populations as well as populations undergoing drug efficacy evaluations.  Healthy cells respiring via the electron transport chain will absorb and reduce CTC into an insoluble, red fluorescent formazan product.

IPTG (Isopropylthio-β-galactoside) is an inducer of β-galactosidase activity in bacteria and is suitable for use with X-gal or bluo-gal to detect lac gene activity in cloning procedures.

MUP, Na (4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate, disodium salt) is the sodium salt of MUP. MUP sodium salt and MUP free acid (#10009) are the most widely used fluorogenic substrates for alkaline phosphatase detection.

NBT (Nitro blue tetrazolium, chloride) is an oxidant and is widely used in conjunction with BCIP or BCIP derivatives to detect phosphatase activity. NBT is also a substrate for dehydrogenate and other oxidizes.

FDP (fluorescein diphosphate, tetraammonium salt, high purity) is the most sensitive fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase substrate. It is also an excellent substrate for protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) and thus the substrate of choice in the high throughput screening (HTS) for PTPase inhibitor.

A simple, colorimetric assay for determining live cell numbers by absorbance on a microplate reader.

High purity resorufin that can be used as a standard for enzyme substrates whose end product is resorufin.

MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) is a tetrazolium salt that is commonly used to detect reductive metabolism in cells for viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. On reduction tetrazolium salts turn into deeply colored products that can be easily quantified by colorimetric measurement.

Resazurin (also known as alamarBlue™) is the N-oxide of the fluorescent dye resorufin and is useful for detecting reductive activities in cells. It has been widely used for measuring cell proliferation (1,2) and mitochondrial metabolic activity. Resazurin itself is non-fluorescent until it is reduced to the highly red fluorescent resorufin (λ_Ex/λ_Em: 563/587 nm).

H₂DCFDA (2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) is a useful fluorogenic reagent to detect reactive oxygen intermediates in cells. On oxidation, H₂DCFDA becomes the highly green fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein.

A pink derivative of BCIP that produces a pink colored (λ_max 540 nm) precipitate instead of the dark blue precipitate of BCIP. BCIP and derivatives are the most widely used chromogenic phosphatase substrate for the detection of alkaline phosphatase labeled proteins and are compatible with a variety of applications.

NBT and BCIP PINK are widely used together as a chromogenic phosphatase substrate for the detection of alkaline phosphatase labeled proteins in a variety of applications, such as immunohistochemistry, westerns, and in situ hybridization. This kit contains 100 mg each of BCIP Pink (10006) and the precipitation inducer NBT (10008).

BCIP/NBT are widely used together as a chromogenic phosphatase substrate for the detection of alkaline phosphatase labeled proteins in a variety of applications, such as immunohistochemistry, westerns, and in situ hybridization. This kit contains 100 mg each of BCIP sodium salt (10001) and the oxidant NBT (Nitro blue tetrazolium, 10008).