Calcium & Other Ion Indicators

BAPTA and its derivatives are calcium chelators that are commonly used to form calcium buffers with well-defined calcium concentrations. By injecting the chelators into cells or by incubating cells with the AM ester form of the chelators, one can control the cytosolic calcium concentration, an important means to study the roles of calcium.

BAPTA and its derivatives are calcium chelators that are commonly used to form calcium buffers with well-defined calcium concentrations. By injecting the chelators into cells or by incubating cells with the AM ester form of the chelators, one can control the cytosolic calcium concentration, an important means to study the roles of calcium.

BAPTA and its derivatives are calcium chelators that are commonly used to form calcium buffers with well-defined calcium concentrations. By injecting the chelators into cells or by incubating cells with the AM ester form of the chelators, one can control the cytosolic calcium concentration, an important means to study the roles of calcium.

BCECF, AM ester is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. This product is a mixture of three molecular species, all of which are readily hydrolyzed by endogenous esterases into a single BCECF free acid form once they are in the cells.

BCECF, AM ester is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. This product is a mixture of three molecular species, all of which are readily hydrolyzed by endogenous esterases into a single BCECF free acid form once they are in the cells.

BCECF (2′,7′ –bis-(Carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein) is the most widely used fluorescent pH sensor. Because its pK_a (6.97) is close to physiological pH, BCECF can detect cytosolic pH change with high sensitivity.

This kit provides buffers for generating a range of accurate calcium concentrations for the calibration of fluorescent Ca²⁺ indicators.

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate is membrane-permeant and thus can be loaded into cells via incubation. The diacetate is readily hydrolyzed to 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (51015) by intracellular esterases.

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and nonfluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

5(6)-CFDA, SE (full name: 5-(and-6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester, also known as CFSE) is a useful fluorescent tracer that can passively diffuse into cells and covalently label intracellular proteins, resulting in long-term cell labeling. The reagent itself is colorless and non-fluorescent but becomes brightly green fluorescent once it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases.

DMNP-EDTA (also known as DM-Nitrophen™) is a caged calcium chelator. Upon photolysis, the Kd for Ca²⁺ increases from 5 nM to 3 mM, resulting in a pulse of free Ca²⁺.

Anhydrous DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide; methyl sulfoxide) is recommended for preparing stock solutions of AM ester dyes, reactive dyes and other related moisture-sensitive products.

EDC (or EDAC) (1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide, hydrochloride)) has recently been found to be very useful for fixing in situ chelators, including the fluorescent ion indicators for histological studies following physiological experiments. EDC is also a widely used reagent to activate carboxy groups for amine coupling.

Flubi-2 is the hydrolyzed product of the site-directed fluorogenic probe Flubida-2 (#51022) and can be used as a standard for calibration.

Flubida-2 has been used to detect pH at a specific site in a cell such as cell organelles by directing the probe to where avidin fusion proteins are located. The probe is a conjugate of biotin and fluorescein diacetate, which is nonfluorescent until the probe has entered the cells and hydrolyzed by endoesterases.

Membrane-permeant AM ester form of Fluo-3 that can be loaded into cells via incubation. Because of the relatively low water solubility of the AM ester, Pluronic F-127, a mild detergent, is often used as a dispersing agent to facilitate dye loading.